Decentralization And Distributed Systems In Blockchain Training Module Training Ppt

Slide 4

This slide showcases the concept of decentralization in the blockchain. It also provides information regarding the definition, architecture types, and examples of the decentralization of blockchain. 

Instructor’s Notes:

The multiple architectures of decentralization are as follows:

Peer-to-peer (P2P) Architecture: 

• Peer-to-peer architecture refers to the distributed application architecture that separates tasks or workloads between peers and forms a P2P network of nodes
• In a P2P network, each peer use network resources for the completion of allocated tasks

Master-slave Architecture:

• The master is the actual data keeper in decentralization, while a slave is a copy of the master
• Any node can become a master by voting out the other nodes
• The master node helps coordinate a part of the system, but this does not mean that one node has supremacy over the other nodes
• It is used to help stabilize a system

Slide 5

The purpose of this slide is to showcase the features of the decentralized system. It also contains details of applications of decentralization such as private networks and cryptocurrency.

Instructor’s Notes:

Characteristics of Decentralization System:

• No global clock: In decentralization, each node is independent. It runs on and follows its own different clock
• Communication among nodes: Multiple units such as computers, nodes, and servers can communicate with other nodes in the network
• Limited System Failure: If one node fails, only that section of the system fails, not the entire system

Applications of Decentralized System:

Private Network:

• A private network refers to any connection within a specified network that is configured so that devices outside the network cannot access it
• It is used to establish limitations to promote a secured network environment
• Peer nodes communicate with each other to form a private network

Cryptocurrency:

• In cryptocurrency, each node is merged to become a part of a system that helps in exchanging digital currency without any trace
• No central monetary authority is required in cryptocurrency, and each transaction can be done without the need of government or bank

Slide 6

This slide illustrates the benefits of the decentralization system such as trust-less environment, improved data reconciliation, reduced points of weakness, optimized resource distribution, high availability, and more autonomy. It also includes the limitations of decentralization systems which are not suitable for small systems, difficulty interacting respond nodes, coordination issues, no regulation of nodes, and difficulty understanding failed nodes.

Instructor’s Notes:

The multiple advantages and disadvantages of decentralization are as follows:

Advantages of Decentralization:

Trust-less environment: 

• In a decentralized blockchain network, no individual needs to trust anyone. Trust is established through technology
• Since each member in the blockchain network has a copy of the exact data in the form of a distributed ledger, the network is very difficult to hack and manipulate

Improves data reconciliation: 

• Different companies usually exchange data with their associates, which leads to data loss or incorrect data updating
• Decentralization helps in creating multiple copies of the same data on different nodes that keep data secure and available for upgrade and improvement

Reduces points of weakness:

Optimizes resource distribution:

High availability:

More autonomy:

Disadvantages of Decentralization:

Not suitable for small systems:

Difficulty in tracing respond node:

Coordination issues:

No regulation of nodes: 

Difficulty in tracing failed nodes: 

• Each node must be individually pinged in a decentralized blockchain network to check for proper working
• In case of any node failure, tracing a not-working node is time-consuming

Slide 8

This slide showcases the concept of a distributed system in the blockchain. It also provides information regarding the definition and examples of the distributed system of blockchain.

Slide 9

This slide showcases the concept of the architecture of the distributed system in the blockchain. It also provides information regarding the different types of architecture systems in blockchain

Instructor’s Notes:

The multiple architectures of a distributed system are as follows:

Peer-to-peer Architecture: 

• In a distributed system, nodes are peers and work towards a common goal
• This type of system has nodes with equal participation and authority

Client-Server Architecture:

n-tier Architecture:

Slide 10

The purpose of this slide is to showcase the features of the distributed system. It also contains details of applications of a distributed system such as cluster computing, and grid computing.

Instructor’s Notes:

Characteristics of Distributed System:

The multiple characteristics of a distributed system are as follows:

• Concurrency of components: In a distributed system, each node applies consensus protocols to agree on the same transactions
• Lack of global clock: In a distributed system, all nodes maintain their own logical clock for capturing chronological and causal relationships
• Independent failure of components: When a node fails, only that part of the system fails, and it has no significant effect on the complete system

Applications of Distributed System:

• Cluster Computing: Cluster computing refers to the collection of tightly-connected computers that work together as a single entity
• Many web applications such as security, search engine, database servers, web servers, etc., use cluster computing as a functioning tool
• Grid Computing: Grid computing refers to networked computers working together as a virtual supercomputer to perform large tasks
• Government agencies use grid computing for coordinating all the data

Slide 11

This slide illustrates the benefits of a distributed system such as easy data sharing, unmatched scalability, good failure handling, and efficiency. It also includes the cons of a distributed system such as overloading, security issue, data loss, and difficult handling.

Instructor’s Notes:

The multiple advantages and disadvantages of a distributed system are as follows:

• Easy Data Sharing: In a distributed network, each node is connected, and nodes can easily share data
• Unmatched Scalability: The addition of new nodes can be easily done in a distributed system
• Good Failure Handling:  One node failing, does not mean that the entire distributed network will fail because the other nodes can keep communicating
• Efficiency: Highly efficient distributed systems involve multiple computers that help save time for users and provide higher performance compared to a centralized system

Disadvantages of Distributed System:

• Overloading: The distributed system gets overloaded when all the nodes in the networks try to send data jointly
• Security Issues: In distributed systems, it is difficult to provide sufficient security
• Data Loss:  While moving from one node to another, some messages and data gets lost in the network
• Difficult to Handle: It is challenging to handle the complicated database of a distributed system, when compared to a single-user system

Slide 13

This slide illustrates the comparison between centralized vs. decentralized system. These are compared on characteristics such as data flow, data communication flow, decision making, adoption, data security, authority and failure.

Slide 14

This slide illustrates the comparison between centralized vs. decentralized vs. distributed systems. These are compared on parameters like maintenance, scalability, data access, single point of failure, fault tolerance, etc.

Slide 15

This slide illustrates myths about blockchain technology such as every blockchain is public, is the same as cryptocurrency, is a cloud-based database, is free and highly accessible, and is not prepared for business adoption.

Instructor’s Notes:

Misconceptions about blockchain technology are as follows:

Every Blockchain is Public:

Blockchain is the same as Cryptocurrency:

Blockchain is a Cloud-based Database:

• Blockchain is referred to as cloud-based databases, which is not true 
• In reality, blockchain needs to be downloaded and run-on internet-enabled computers

Blockchain is Free and Highly Accessible:

• It is not possible for a technology like blockchain to do mathematical calculations/functions and implement algorithms without any cost
• While performing transactions, blockchain charges a fee, and thus nothing comes without a cost

Blockchain is not for Business Adoption: 

• There is a common myth that different businesses are not adopting blockchain due to the high cost
• It has already transformed banking, financial, art, and gaming sectors

Slide 17

This slide depicts the summary of the decentralization and distributed systems in blockchain training session. The trainer can use it to highlight the essential concepts of the session to trainees.

Slide 33 to 47

These slides contain energizer activities to engage the audience of the training session.

Slide 49 to 75

These slides contain a training proposal covering what the company providing corporate training can accomplish for the client.

Slide 76 to 78

These slides include a training evaluation form for instructor, content and course assessment.